Motor vehicle



Qct. 11,1938.

A. M. WOLF 2,132,450 MOTOR VEHICLE Original Filed April 7. 1932 I 11 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Oct. 1-1, 1938'. A. M..WC )I F MOTOR VEHICLE Original Filed April- 7, 1952 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR A. M. WOLF Oct. 11,1938.

MOTOR VEHICLE 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed April 7. 1932 i Oct. 11, 1938. A, M, WOLF 2,132,450

I MOTOR VEHIQLE 1 Original Filed April 7, 1932- 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR A. M. WOLF MOTOR VEHICLE Oct. 11; 1938.

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MOTOR VEHICLE Original Filed April 7, 1932 ll Sheets-Sheet 6' 246 r/Z 239 235 238 240 IIM INVENTOR Oct. 11, 1938. WOLF 2,132,450

MOTOR VEHICLE Original Fil ed April 7,. 1932 ll Sheets $heet 7 MHG4UINVENQQ figkmoeg A. M. WOLF MOTOR VEHICLE Oct. 11, 1933.

Original Filed April 7, 1932 ,ll Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTOR wmdg- Oct. 11, 1938. A. M. WOLF 2,132,450

MOTOR VEHICLE Original Filed April 7, 1932' 1 1 Sheets-Sheet 10- ln \R I I m 3 m 3 4 3 m I! m R E Q N H HE wm E w w T Rs N? 5 m g \Vw QR ms A. M. WOLF MOTOR-VEHICLE Original Fil ed April 7, 1932 11 Sheets-Sheet l1 R E v r. E #3 z ui R. Q 7 $6 Rh Wm mwh 7 mm mm QM Q 3% $5 $5 a a R R v w a I Na 5 Q INVENTOR aakwg Patented Oct. -11, 1938 UNITED STATES Moron vsmcuc Austin M. Wolf, Plainfleld, N. 1.

Application April 1, 1932, Serial No. 603,701 Renewed June 25, 1937 27 Claims. (01., 180-54) This invention relates to. motor vehicles, particularly, for the carrying of passengers. There has been a steady increase in the power of engines used for this service in order to impart ac-,, celerating and speed possibilities of busses similar-to that of passenger cars. Twelve cylinder engines are now being used for this service, resulting in a power plant that is very hard to remove and handle on the maintenance end. Furthermore, the abnormally large engine is a very inefficient prime mover when the bus is only lightly loaded. gines, due to their small production, are very costly. 16 The primary object of this invention is th provide a plurality of power plants, each one being easily removed and obtainable in the market at a low cost.

A further object is in the use of all the power 20. plants for maximum duty and to be able to run on one power plant when the service is light as between rush hours. It is also possible to run the vehicle with one engine and with the other power plant entirely removed from the vehicle. A further object of the invention is to provide means for driving the necessary accessories such as the generator and air compressor by other mechanism than that directly on the engine.

The relatively small individual engines that I so utilize are built only for small capacity accessories, and it would entail considerable cost to change over a standard engine so as to provide a special driving mechanism. In placing the accessories in the power transmission line between the engine and-the driving axle, these accessories are relieved of engine accelerations, such as occur while speeding up through the, lower gears. In rotating in proportion to the rear wheel revolutions, the accessories are relieved of such damm aging conditions. A iurther object of the invention is in the ability to drive the above mentioned accessories through the power transmitting mechanism without having to put the vehicle into motion.

A further object of the invention is in the provision of driving the above mentioned accessories by one engine and providing an interlock on the gear box control, making the gear box of the other engine inoperative when the accessories are driven and the vehicle is not in motion. It is also possible to prevent operation oi the second engine while the iirstone is driving the accessdries. A further object or the invention is to provide '3 a control mechanism for the boxes'so that Furthermore, these large en'- trolley" type bus.

when driving with one engine, the other gear box is inoperative. This control comprises an interlocking mechanism so that the one gear box cannot. be made inoperative, or brought back into action, without the shifting mechanism of the 5 other gear boxbeing in the neutral position.

- A further object of; the invention is to provide for the use, of a standard driving axle without the need of resorting to a special construction of this unit. 10

A further object of the invention is. to provide a frame construction, eliminating the customary ramp that is incorporated in the flooring in order to provide clearance over the driving axle housing. Many vehicles are produced with a low 15 frame height which gives a low door opening, but in order to provide for driving axle clearance the floor does not follow the top of the frame but slopes up toward the driving axle. The frame and body in'my constrcution are of the unit type 20 and the center frame members are inclined downward toward the front while the outside frame members are horizontal and support the body posts and sheathing.

A further object of the invention is to provide 25 mosphere. This exhaust system isalso used for ventilation purposes. I

I have shown my invention incorporated in a 5 This type of vehicle is most admirably adapted for transportation in dense c enters. In order that no obstruction be locatedin the loading space, the power plant should be in the extreme rear. smell or heat is confined to that portion. of the vehicle 'where there are'not passengers and therefore any harmful results therefrom would be exceedingly remote. k

Still further objects of the invention will ap- 5 pear as a description thereof proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings in which,

Fig. 1 is a plan view of ,a bus chassis. Pig. 21s a sectional elevation view on line A-A Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the engine on the same line A-A of Fig. 1.

Fig.4isa rearview otthebuarestrictedto the engine compartment. g

Fig. 5 is a transverse view on line 3-8 of Fig.

Any possibility of noise,

1, with the gear boxes removed from the engine.

Figs. 6 and 7 show a hand truck for removing the individual power plants.

Fig. 8 is a transverse view similar to Fig. 5, but with different engine mountings.

Fig. 9 shows a spacer member which is 'used when one of the engines is removed.

Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13 show the frame construction incorporated in my invention.

Fig. 14 is a sectional view of the transfer case.

Fig. 15 is a layout of the control mechanism for the engines, clutches, gear boxes, brakes and accessory drive.

Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 26 are destails of the general mechanism shown in Fig. 1

Figs. 2'7 and 28 show a control mechanism,

making one engine inoperative while the other engine drives the accessories.

Fig. 29 shows the exhaust system with rooflevel discharge.

Figs. 30 and 31 indicate a cooling air flow from a side of the vehicle.

Fig. 32 indicates the streamline air fiow around the vehicle, whereby the vacuum at the rear of the vehicle is concentrated over the area of the radiators.

Figs. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, and 41 show various means of utilizing the air currents for the cooling system.

Figs. 42, 43, '44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 and 51 show various rear-located engine arrangements.

Fi 52 indicates an axle construction in which the center portion is at a lower height than is customary.

Figs. 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 and 63 show various front-located engines utilizing the same principles of my invention. Figs. 59, 60, 61, 62 and 63 show details of the engines themselves. Figs. 64,65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 and 72 show various centrally mounted engine combinations.

Figs. 73, 74 and '75 show various combinations incorporating a four-wheel drive.

Figs. 76, 7'7, 78 and 79 show a control mechanism in which the gear shifting lever is mounted directly over one gear box.

Like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the several views.

The engines i and 2 together with the gear boxes 3 and 4 are located to the rear of the driving axle 5. Propeller shafts 6 and 1 convey the drive to the transfer case 8. I prefer to place the slip joint at the rear of the gear box and place the fixed joint adjacent the transfer case 8. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 1; Power is then transmitted through the single'propeller shaft 9 to the driving axle 5. The propeller shafts are provided with the customary universal joints.

The generator l5 and compressor l6 are driven by an extension shaft from the transfer case 8 as will be explained .later. These accessories are mounted on the base plate I! which extends from the transfer case 8 to the frame cross member 34. The frame or foundational structure consists of the central members 2! and 22. They slope' The floorbeneath the central frame members 2i and 22 and support the outside frame members at their extremities. A cross member 38 extends between the central members slightly ahead of the driving axle; At the rear of the vehicle outriggers 39 and 40 run from the central members 'to the outside members instead of extending all the way across. This is necessary in order to remove the power plant as will be explained later. A removable cross member ll unites the central members at the rear.

It will be noted from Fig. 2 that whereas the central frame members slope down from back to front, the body proper is horizontal. The bottom of the sheathing which is supported by the outside members runs parallel to the ground. The door opening 24 is perpendicular-thereto.

The front axle l5 and the rear axle 5 are attached to the frame in the customary manner, semi-elliptic springs being shown. The steering gear46 actuates the front axle through the drag link 41.

Referring to Figs. 3, 4 and 5, it will be noted that the engines are provided with radiators 5i and 52. Brackets 52 extend from the engines to support the radiators directly. A rubber mounting 55 is used to cushion the radiator from engine vibration. A stay rod 55 braces the top of the radiator, in spaced relation from the engine. The

are the supportingbrackets 62 and 63. They terminate in the tapered portion 64 which fits into the internally tapered sleeve 65, The latter is mounted in the brackets 66 and 61 through the intermediary of the rubber sleeve 66. A bolt 69, by means of nut Ill and washer ll, draws the tapered members together and holds them in rigid relationship.

In order to remove either or both engines, I propose to use a hand truck shown in Figs. 6 and 'l. which consists of the U-shaped member 10 to which are pivotally attached the legs H and 12. The wheels 13 are attached to the extremity of these legs and can be mounted in fixed or caster fashion as desired. The hand crank, 14 is attached to the rod 15 which has a right and left hand threaded portion which passes through the cross bars I6 and I1. These cross bars are pivotally mounted in the T fittings l6 and I9.

Rotation of the crank 14 will therefore raise or lower the member I5 which is so shaped as to fit the crank case lower half of the engine 2 as indicated, bearing against the underside of the flange 66.

Let us assume that we wish to remove engine 2 together with its gear box 4. plained, the universal Joint of the slip type is back of the gear box and the propeller shaft can be separated at the slip -joint 8|. The propeller shaft I will therefore remain in place if the shaft is "broken". and rest upon the axle housing. or

a frame support can be provided ahead of the slipjoint for this purpose. The rear sheathing cover 62, in Fig. 3, is swung open on the hinge 83.

As previously ex- In its raised position as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 3, the power plants are now ex-- posed from the rear. The hand truck 10 in itslowered position is run'under engine 2. When in place, similar to the position indicated in Fig. 6, the member I is raised till it contacts with the engine flange 80. The bolts 68 of the bellhousing supports are removed as well as bolt 88 which secures bracket 88 to the cross member At the same timethe hook 86 which is attached to the cross angle 81- is placed through The cross member 4| is normally secured to the central frame members 2| and 22 by means of the brackets 8| and 82 by 'means of bolts 83,. Since the weight is relieved from brackets 58, it is possible to remove crossmember 4| after bolts 88 have been taken out. It is now possible to pull out the. left powef plant as there are no obstructions iri the way. Since the radiator 52 is directly mounted on engine 2, it also comes out with the engine, thereby avoiding the necessity of breaking any water hose connections.

- In replacing an engine, the hand truck is wheeled back into the bus with the engineupon it. The tapered member 64 is started into the tapered hole in the sleeve 85 and the accuracy of alignment isincreased until members 64, and 65 r are fully in contact. The cross member 4| is put in place by means of bolts 83 and the hand truck 18 is lowered so that the .engines weight again comes upon the cross member 4| where a bolt 85 is now replaced. The hook 88 is lowered by turning the; turnbuckle 88 in? the proper direction.

- When the weight of engine I is fully upon cross member 4|, the bolt 88 is replaced and hook 88 is swung out of the way as indicated by the dotted lines'in Fig. 3. The hand truck I8 is lowered so as to pass under cross member 4| andtaken out of the way. t

In Fig. 8 .a rigid engine mounting is shown at the bell-housings 80 and '8 I. These housings have the bosses 88 and 81 at the bottom and brackets 88 extend to the cross member 81. Brackets 88 and I80 secure the engines to the central frame I members 2| and 22. At the centerdahe brackets IOI and I82 bolt together and complete the rigid connection transversely across the bell-housings, thereby forming a rigid connection frame members 2| and 22.

Due to the removability of the engines, it is possible to transfer an engine from another bus or the operating company can keep on hand one or more spare engines which can be quickly exchanged and thereby avoid delay while making repairs to the engine. As will beseen later, it is possible to drive the bus with one engine, while the other one is removed and in the repair shop.

between the it be desired to remove engine I bar I'is reversed from the position shown in Fig. 9.

The cover 82 in Fig. 3 closes off the engine compartment at the rear. However, it-is provided with a screened opening immediately behind the two radiator cores in order to allow exit of the cooling air currents.

Referring to Fig. 10, the sloping central frame member 22 is shown together with the outside frame member 26. x The latter is shown in one piece, extending from front to back, instead of being broken for the wheel housings. This construction is possible. if'the width is sufliciently great to come outside of the tire limits. The cross members 3|, 82, 83, 84 and-81 are secured directly to the bottom flange of central member 22 by giving the upper flange of the cross members a slight incline to conform with that of member 22, or a wedge-shaped member can be inserted between them so that the webshof the cross members are in a truly vertical position and the flanges in a horizontal one. posts IIO, III, II2, H3, H4 and H5 are indicated in Fig. by dotted lines in order not topbscure the structure behind them. If the front corners ofthe b'us body are not rounded, the

cross'member' 3| will extend completely across the front and asindicated in Fig. 11 the outside member 26 is directly secured to same. The post IIII rests on the member 28 which is in the form of a Z bar, being secured between the plates H6 and III which extend inward and anchor to the cross member. 8|. For clarity, the plate III is not shown in Fig. 11. It will be noted that the flooring 23 extends to thepost-I I8 and is supported thereby through the angle I I8. In Fig."

I2 there is a space between cross member 34 and outside member 28'. Connection betweerr them is made by means of the plates I20 and I2 I, a spacer tube I22 extending between said plates and around bolt I28. When the space is still greater as at cross member 31in Fig. 10, aspacer I24 is located between the cross member and the outside member 28 to impart rigidity and'stability to the plates I28 and I28. In-the event that it is desirable to place a post where no cross member is located, the plates I21 and I28 in Fig. 13 are used. It will be noted that in all the plates mentioned other than H8 and II I, a flange is provided to secure the plates to both the top and bottom flanges of the outside member 28. While wooden posts are shown in the drawings, the same principle can be employed with steel posts, in whichcase the plates can form an integral part of the posts. where the cross members are at a distance below the central frame members, as in the case of cross. members 88 and 88 in Fig. 10, they are connected to the central member 22 by means of the plates I28 and I80.

Fig. 14 1s a horizontal section of the transfer case 8. The shaft I88 receives power from the propeller shaft 8. Shaft I88 does likewise from propeller shaft 1. Shaft I81 delivers power to the propeller shaft 8 which is connected to the driving axle 8. On these shaftsare respectively mounted the herringbone gears I88, I88 and I48. The shafts are mounted on anti-friction bearing: as customarily used. The gear I88 is loosely mounted on shaft I88 and the clutch member I is-mounted on a splinedportion of shaft I88. The

' clutchmem'ber 1 has external teeth which flt' 'into internal teeth in the gear I88 and when these teeth interlock, as shown in Fig. 14-, gear I88 is clutched toshaft I88. Shaft I88 extends through the transfer case and is provided with a flange I42 which is used to drive the generator I5 and compressor I6. Control of the clutch member I; is maintained by the shifting yoke I43 on the shifter bar I44. Shaft I66 also extends through the case and the disc I45 is mounted thereupon, forming the rotating member of the conventionally used disc brake.

Referring to Fig. 15, the gear shift lever I50 actuateswthe tube I5I and imparts thereto a rotational as well as fore-and-aftmovement. Fig. 16 is a front view of the shifting lever I50 and Fig. 17 is a side view thereof. The lever I50 is universally mounted on its base by means of the ball I52 and socket I53. To the forward end of tube I5I is secured the lever I54 which terminates in the ball I55. The latter is held between the sockets I56 and I51. These sockets fit into the enlarged portion of lever I50, and socket I51 is provided with a screw thread in order to take out any play between the ball and sockets. A bracket I58 supports the forward end of tube I5 Swinging the lever I50 in the plane of the paper, in Fig. 16, which corresponds to a transverse movement of the lever as in the case of. selecting the proper gear box shifter bar when selecting gears, results in a rotational movement of tube I5I directionally opposite that of lever I50 around its fulcrum I52 due to the location of the ball I55 below the center of tube I5I. Movement of the lever I50 in the plane of the paper, in Fig. 1'1, which corresponds to a fore-and-aft movement, results in a fore-and-aft movement of tube I5I in the same direction as the lever I50.

At the rear end of tube I5I, the lever I60 is affixed. The latter houses a pair of ball sockets similar to lever I50, which encompass the ball I6I on the end of lever I62, as shown in Figs. 18

and 19. In the latter view, it will be seen that lever I62 is secured to one end of shaft I63. The

lever I64 is attached to shaft I66 within the con-- trol-head I65 by gear box 4. Within same are located the conventional shifter bars I66, I61 and I68. If the shaft I63 be shifted sideways or inthe plane of the paper, the selecting lever I64 would pick up one of the shifter bars I66, I61 or I66, depending upon its position. When in a position to line up with one of these bars, rotational movement of shaft I63 would move the shifter bar it is engaged with.

It will be noted'that a fore-and-aft movement of lever I50 in Fig. 17 causes a fore-and-aft movement of tube I5I. The lever. I60 at the rear end of same causes rotational movement of shaft I63 due to the motion imparted to ball I6I. If lever I50 in Fig. 1'! is given a movement corresponding to a clockwise direction, the tube I5I is pushed to the right, corresponding to the rear of the car, and shaft I63 in Fig. 18 is imparted a movement in a counter-clockwise direction. If lever I50 is given a clockwise movement, tube I5I is imparted a counter-clockwise movement. As viewed in Fig. 19, shaft I63 is moved to the a left. In this way both movements, transverse and longitudinal, of lever I56 are changed over to the opposite directions at the control-head I65. This reversal of movement is done in order that the same direction for shifting be imparted to' lever I50 as is 'done in conventional practice, even though'the gearbox 4 is swung around in the opposite direction from'conventional practice. The actual selectingof the shifter bars and actuating them is according to the customary mode, the only diflerence being that the directions be reversed in order that the standard gear shift positions be maintained.

Shaft I63 is connected to shaft I10 which enters the control-head I1I of gear box 3, in Fig. 15. Both gear boxes are actuated by shafts I63 and 5 I10, the intermediate shaft I12 being provided with flanges mating with similar flanges on shafts I63 and I10. The intermediate shaft I12 is mere- 1y provided so'that in the case of removal of one engine, a break can be made in this control 10 mechanism. To all intent shafts I63, I10 and I12 act as a single unit except when removing one .power plant. The flanges can be provided with mating holes so that they cannot be-connected up wrongly. I

Referring to Fig. 20 which is an enlarged view of the lower portion of selecting lever I 64, it will be noted that the actual engaging member. I15 is provided with a cylindrical shank I16 which fits into a hole within the lever I64. The pin I11 ex- 20 tends through shank I16 and works vertically within the slots I18. Surrounding shaft I63 is the tube I80 in Fig. 19. At its left hand is afllxed the cam plate I6I shown in Fig. 21. It is provided with the cam slot I62 in which slides the roller I63. Through the latter extends pin I11 as shown in Fig. 20. It'will be noted in Fig. 21 that the cam slot I82 consists of three sections. two of which are concentric with tube I60 but at different radii. These concentric portions are then connected by an easy curve forming the third or intermediate section. When the cam I6I is in the position shown in Fig. 21 and held statlonary, the actuating member I15 engages with the shifter bar I68 and movement of the latter is normal. The extent of the slot is such that the roller I63 can move therein and thereis no relative motion between lever I64 and the actuating member I15. To all intent it acts as a solid member.

In order to adapt the power requirements to a light load, it is desirable to cut-out one engine and thereby obtain maximum economy which is impossible when a large engine is throttled down and operates at its point of minimum fuel efl'lciency. As previously explained, this is desirable in city service where load fluctuations vary during the periods of the day. In order to accomplish this, my design has been laid out so that engine 2 can cease to function. In order to do this,

I have made provision so that under such conditions the gear box 4 becomes inoperative by maintaining it in the neutral position. Due to the gear actions in the transfer case 6, the propeller shaft 1 will berotated and also the main shaft of the gear box 4.- I; have provided a means whereby no accidental engagement of the gears can happen. To accomplish this the horizontal lever I60, in Figs. 15 and 26, actuates the rod I6I through the intermediary of hell crank I62. The 00 rear end of rod I6I is connected to lever I66. The latter is mounted on tube I66 through a spline iit as shown in Fig. 22. A strap I64 holds lever I66 against the control-head I65 but does not prevent oscillation of same. In this way shaft I63 can be given endwise movement and not be hinderedby lever I66. Tube I66 is loosely mounted on shaft I63 and rotational movement of one exerts no influence on the other. Should it be desired to make gear box 4 inactive, lever III is 7.

- lever 220 is keyed thereto. An adjusting screw so that it is clear of the shifting bars. when in this elevated position, any rotational or side movement of shaft I63 prevents actuation of the shifter bars and the result would be the same as if lever I64 and operating head I15 were entirely eliminated.

In order to prevent any damage to the gears in a gear box 4, it is desirable that the shifting mechanism in control-head I65 be removed from, or put into, action only at a time when the gears are in a neutral position; otherwise an operator might be proceeding withthe vehicle and when in gear on any speed, he might attempt to throw gear box 4 out of action. It would then be questionable whether the particular gear be properly reengaged. In order to prevent any possibility where between the operating levers I50 and I90 and the levers I62 and I93. Referring to Fig. 23, it will be noted that the gear shifting tube I5I and the cam control rod I9I pass through the body 200. Tube I5I is provided with a notch 20L This notch aligns itself with hole 202 when the tube I5I is in the fore-and-aft neutral position. The notch 20I being circular, there is no restriction to any rotational movement of tube I5I, in

case the plunger 203, which is located in hole I 202, should enter the notch 20I. The plunger 203 can also enter either notch 204 or notch 205 on an enlarged portion of rod I9I. The length of the plunger 203 is equal to the distance between tube I5I and rod I9I, plus the depth'of the notch on either, both notches being of the same depth. In this way when the. notches 2M and 204 are in alignment as shown in Fig. 23, either member I5I or I9I can be moved and the other one is locked stationary.- In the positionshown the gears in gear box 4 are in the neutral position and since rod I9I is in its forward position, the operating head H5 is out of action.- 'Any shifting of the gears in gear box 4, which is accompanied by a movement of tube I5I, locks rod I9I and cam I8I in position. Presuming that the vehicle is in operation. with gear box 4 out of action and it is desired to return it to action, rod

I5I is placed in the neutral position as indicated in Fig. 23. .Rod I9I is moved back or to the right and when cam I8I is swung to the position'shown in Fig. 21, notch 205 is in alignment with plunger 203. Any shifting of gears now looks cam I9I in position and the operating head I15 is again effective. In this way head I15 can rise away from, or enter into engagement with, the shifter.

bars only when said bars are in the neutral position.. The interlocking mechanism insures the proper operation of either levers I50 or I90 with the other one in its proper position and no dependence is placed upon the human element.

- Referring to Fig. 15, other controls consist ofthe brake pedal 200 which operates the conventional valve 209 of the air brake system. Clutch pedal 2I0, also shown in Fig. 24, actuates the cross shaft 2 by means of rod 2I2 and lever 2I3. Rod 2I4 continues to the rear or right and .operates clutch shaft 2I5 by means of lever 2I6. Clutch shaft 2" is actuated by .rod 2I0 through the floating lever 2I9 and the fixed lever 200, see

Fig. 25. Lever 2I9 is free on shaft 2", whereas 22I is provided on lever 2I9 in order to make possible close adjustment of the clutch ahead of gear box 3. Since the one pedal actuates both clutches, a fine adjustment is necessary in order that both clutches engage at the same time. I prefer to use the cross shaft 2I I and rods 2 I4 and 2I8 as it is only necessary to remove a clevis pin from either lever 2I6 or 2I9, depending upon which power plant is being removed. The pull of ,the rods is such that the proper directional rotation be imparted to clutch shafts 2I5 and 2", in spite of the power plant being in the reversed position.

-It will be recalled, referring to Figs. 1 and 14, that the generator I5 and air compressor I6 are driven by shaft I35, to which the propeller shaft 6 is attached at its rear. The gears in Fig. 14 are shown as of the same diameter so that the power driven accessories rotate at the same speed as any of the propeller shafts 6, I and 9. It is of course possible to make gears I38 and I40 either smaller or larger than gear I39, depending upon v how the overall gear ratios might be sub-divided between the engines and the rear wheels. Were the power driven accessories to be actuated only when the vehicle moves, a vehicle might start out in the morning without any air supply for the braking system, for instance, and no air could be obtained unless the vehicle was put in motion.

It is a well-known fact that most of the air can leak out during an interval of rest, such as over night, and it would be precarious to attempt to move a vehicle without an air supplysufllcient to brake it. For this reason the clutch MI is provided, so that when it is shifted to the left in Fig. 14, gear I38 is freed from shaft I and engine I can drive the accessories without motionbeing imparted to the vehicle. While electrical energy is not lost during an idle period, similar to compressed air, the generator I5 is driven at the same time as compressor I6. Should the batteries need no charge, the automatic control.

The clutch control rod I44 in Figs. 14 and 15 is actuated by means of the horizontal bell-crank lever 225 whose fulcrum is at the hub 226. Rod

221 connects lever 225 with the shifter bar I44. To actuate .the power driven. accessories, it is necessary to drive through the gear box 3. If gear box 4 is not made inoperative, it might be possible to actuate the vehicle by driving with engine 2. While this is possible, it would prevent the operator from fixing his attention on the proper driving of the vehicle. It is therefore desirable that gear box 4 be made inoperative through cam I9I and this is obtained by an interlocking mechanism consisting of rod 230 in Fig. 15, which projects through the guide 23I and butts against the boss 232 on lever I90, as indicated in Fig. 26. In this figure the cam I ill, in full lines, allows operation of the gear box 4. In this position it is impossible to move the clutch shifter bar I44 by means of lever 225, due to the blocking of rod 230 by the boss 232 and lever I90. Therefore, in order to drive the accessories without moving the vehicle, lever I90 must, be shifted to the position shownby the dotted lines in Fig. 26 in order that rod 230 be not obstructed. When lever I90 is in the dotted position, the cam I8I has raised the operating head "5 so as to make'gear box 4 inoperative. If desired, a further precaution can'be added in the form of the switch 235 in Figs. 2'7 and 28. The link 230 connects lever 225 with the plunger 231. Insulated therefrom and mounted at the top thereof is the copper disc 238. When the lever 225 is in the normal vehicle-running position, the disc 238 establishes contact between flngers 239 and 240. As indicated in Fig. 27, switch 235 is in series with the ignition switch 245 which also controls current from battery 248 to the coil 241 and distributor 248. This system controls the ignition for engine 2. It will be seen that when lever 225 is actuated to move bar 144 in Fig. 15 to the left in order to disengage clutch 141, contact is broken in switch 235 and therefore engine 2 cannot be operated. v

Another control member is the hand brake lever 259 which actuates brake-shoes against disc 145 through the rod 251. The throttle control rod 255 is actuated by the accelerator pedal 258. A two-piece cross shaft 258-459 is actuated by rod 255 through lever 280. Levers 281 and 282 operate on the carbureters 283 and 284. The intermediatecoupling 285 unites shafts 258 and 259 and allows their separation when removing one engine or the other.

Fig. 29 is a rear view of the bus showing engine I and radiator 5| in their proper relationship. The radiator fan 211 is driven by belt 213 in the customary manner. The exhaust manifold 215 is connected to the vertical exhaust pipe 211. The upper' portion of this member forms the muiiier 219. This is shown as being of the soundabsorbing type in which the central pipe is perforated and a mineral wool jacket extends around same and the outside shell. From the top of the engine compartment extends a flue 289 which is concentric with muflier 219, forming an air jacket therebetween. The upper end of the muiiier is so located as to form an ejector effect, thereby drawing in heated air from the top of the engine compartment and discharging it together with the exhaust gases through the outlet 281. This method is provided so that any stagnant air in the upper portion of the engine compartment be removed. The ejector efiect of the muiiler can also be utilized to ventilate the upper portion of the body. For this purpose a door 282 is located at the upper part of flue 289 which when opened allows the air within the body to pass into the flue 289 for ejection.

Referring to Figs. 30 and 31, it will be noted that the radiators 51 and 52 project further toward the side of the vehicle than to the center. The purpose is to allow cooling of a portion of the core by the air stream from the sides which follows the streamline formation of the rear of the body as will be presently explained. Fig. 31 which is a sectional view on lines C'C of Fig. 30, shows the side openings 285 and 285. These openings are to the rear of seat 281 and the openings can be ornamented by a screen or the vertical vanes shown. Within the body proper are the partition walls 289 and 299. The center portion of the cores of radiators 51 and 52 receive an air blast from the fans 211 and 212. remaining portions of the cores receive the air draft coming through the side openings 285 and 288. The partition walls 289 and 299 give a streamline form and the outside air will follow these walls as indicated by the arrows, due to the forward motion: of the vehicle. In order to give an easy flow to the side air currents/the walls 291 and 292 are fitted insideof the curved rear comers of the body. A Venturi eifect is thus obtained and the air flow is smoother and by covering the core.

The.

less turbulent than would otherwise be the case. r

In Fig. 32 the upper arrows indicate the air flow lines over the body. The forward upper portion 309 of same, where the windshield is located, slopes back at an angle and a large curve rounds off the top corner. A similar effect is incorporated at the rear in which the sloping portion 391 induces the air to flow freely instead of creating a violent vacuum that accompanies the ordinary straight back end. By relieving the vacuum by this downflow at the rear in Fig. 32 and also allowing side flow as in. Fig. 31, the vacuum effect at the rear of the body is concentrated over the projected areas of the radiators '51 and 52. In this way the vacuum eil'ect behind the vehicle plays an important part in the cooling system. Rear mounted radiators have suffered from lack of easy air flow and my invention consists in streamlining the body so as to prevent vacuum formation except directly at the radiators, so that both the cooling fans and the vacuum eflect cause ample air flow through the radi ators. If it be desired to supply more air to the fans and radiators, a deflector 392 can be placed near the rear of the body as shown. In this way air lying near the surface of the ground will be at the side of the vehicle body. There is a recessed portion 395 and 393 extendingthe height of the radiators. The partition walls 289 and 299 extend from the front of the radiator cores,

across the front of the cylinder blocks, so as to convey air passing through'the radiators to the cooling fans 211 and- 212. The streamline eifect produced by the partition walls 289 and 299 induces the side air currents to enter the radiators as indicated by the arrows and the fans 211 and 212 augment this effect as well as discharging the air directly out of the rear of the body. The purpose for the recesses 395 and 396 is to enable deflector vanes 398 and 399 to be in their wide open position as indicated in Fig. 34 without projecting beyond the extreme width of the body. These vanes when in their wide open position are in an angular position as shown and can be swung, as indicated by the arcs in the drawings, so as to'prevent air flow through the radiator Their movement can be manually controlled or under the influence" of a thermostat subject to either the heatof the cooling water or of the air in the engine compartment. A series of vanes are shown, each one in front being smaller than the one to the rear. The purpose of this is to insure a scoop efiect from each of the vanes and so that a forward one will not entirely obstruct the one to the rear.

.A roof mounting of the radiators is indicated in Fig. 35. The water outlet pipe 312 and the return pipe 313 are in communication with the radiator 314 located on the roof of the body and within the scoop 315. This scoop'is very effective due to the slope of the wind-shield portion 399 of the body, resulting in a considerable flow of airthrough the radiator 314. The scoop 315 stops-a short distance behind the radiator. A

coil of pipe 318 extends between the water out let and return pipes3l2 and 3l3a-espectiveiy and controls a circulationthrough radiator 314 whichis established or prevented by means of valves 3I1 and 3I8. The latter can be thermostatically controlled by the temperature within the body.

A means of supplying a considerable quantity 5 of air to the fan'and radiator would be that a rearscoop 320 be provided as shown in Fig. 36. n The space between the scoop 320 and the body exterior forms a duct'leading to fan 212 and radiator 52. Glass windows 32I and 322 are located at the back of the body and the scoop 320 in order that vision might be obtained therethrough. To prevent same becoming obstructed during rain or snow, the windshield wipers 323 and 324 are provided on the duct side of the windows. At the bottom the duct is completed by the deflector 325.

In Fig. 37 the rear scoop 320 encloses the roof radiator 330 and the air is discharged at the rear of the body to help reduce the vacuum effect when the vehicle is in motion.

In Fig. 38 the rear scoop encompasses the roof radiator 330 and the discharge 28I of the exhaust gases also forms an ejector at the rear portion of the roof duct, thus inducing a greater flow of 5 air through the duct.

Fig. 39 shows a combination of front and rear roof scoops 3I5 and 320mm the roof radiators.

of the opening. In order to preserve the appearance of the body, the intermediate portion thereof is provided with the vertical portions 335 and 336 as shown in Fig. 41.

There are a number of variations of the rear mounting of theengines, whereby it is possible 40 to convert the vehicle to a four-wheel drive type or to make certain minor detailed changes as will be explained. In Fig. 42 the power plants, driving mechanisms, transfer case and rear axle are the same as shown in Fig. 1. However, a

front propeller shaft 350 extends from the transfer case in order to drive the front axle 35 I The v brake disc I45 is here shown on the central shaft of the. transfer case. A shifter rod 352 and 353 is provided at each side so that the drive from propeller shaft 350 can be disconnected from either of the propeller shafts 6 or I by means of clutch members similar to member I43 in Fig. 14.

If it be desired to transmit power to the front I driving axle only, the arrangement shown in. Fig. 43 is utilized. This construction corresponds with that shown on Fig. 42, with the omission of the propeller shaft 9 since there is no rear drive. It will be noted that engines I and 2 are in alignment with propeller shafts 6 and 1, there- 0 by relieving the forward universal joints of any .angularity, in the horizontal plane. In all previous examples showing'engines I and 2 their center distance is greater than the center dis- .tance of shafts I35 and I36 inFig. 14. The pro- 5 peller shafts 6 and'1 take care of the variations 75 in a horizontal plane, it is perfectly feasible to place the' engine 2 in a central location and the propeller shaft 1 would be above the shaft 9.

A different disposition of the power transmitting units is shown in Fig. 45 in which the clutches instead of being at the forward end of 5- the gear box housings, are mounted in independent clutch housings 36I and 362 and power is conveyed therefrom by means of propeller shafts 363 and 364 to the gear boxes 365 and 366. The generator I5 and air compressor I6 are driven 10 from the. forward end of gear box 365 by means of gearing or chain and sprockets within the case Another distribution of the power transmission units is shown in Fig. 46 in which the clutch 15,

housings 36I and 362 are placed at the rear end of the gear boxes 365 and 366. I

In Fig. 4'! engines I and 2 transmit their power directly to transfer case 8 through the propeller shafts 313 and 314. The generator I5 is driven 20 by one of the transfer case shafts and 'compressor I6 by the other. A single clutch within the housing 315 transmits power to the gear box I housing 380. The transmission me'chanism within same conveys power to the clutch within the housing 315 behind which is located gear box 316. I 35 A four-wheel drive layout is shown in Fig. 49

' in which engine I transmits power to the rear axle 5 and engine 2 to the front axle 35I. -Propeller shaft 38I conveys power to the transfer case 382. Propeller shaft '19 transmits power 40 therefrom to rear axle 5. Engine 2 transmits power through propeller shafts 385 and 386 to the front axle 35I. Two brake discs 381 and 388 are located ahead of gear boxes 3 and 4.

In Fig. 50 engines I and 2 transmit power 45 through propeller shafts 39I and 392 to the transfer cases 382 and 383. The drive to the axle 395 is through propeller shafts 396 and 391. Axle 395 is provided with two housings in which the .final gearing is located, one set of gearing 50 being used to drive each wheel. This is similar to the well-known construction used in most of the present-day gasoline-electric driven busses.

In Fig. 51 engines I and 2 are not in a reversed I position but face forward with the radiators 5I 55 I and "52 in front of them. The transfer case 8 is located at the rear of the gear boxes 3 and 4 and the propeller shaft 9 conveys the power to the rear axle 5. The partition walls 289 and 290 provide for the entrance of side. air currents to. the forward side of the radiators. The partition walls ordeflectors 40I and 402 direct the flow so that it will be concentrated on the radiators 5| and 52. I The exit air escapes through a screened opening 403 at the rear of the bus.

While a worm drive type of axle has been indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, my invention is not restricted to the use thereof-but is applicable to any type of axlesuch as bevel-gear or double reduction. A special type of axle is shown in Fig. 52 in which the center member 405 houses the gears 406 and 401. These gears can be made so as to give only a small speed reduction in order that the bowl or center housing 408 be kept to a small size in order to gain ground clearance.

The

' transfer case 426 and gear box 432.

The housing 465 terminates at the side with a flange 4!!! to which is secured the housing 4! I. Within this housing are located the gear 2 on the axle shaft 3 and the gear 4 on the wheel shaft 5. Gears 2 and 4 can provide the necessary reduction ratio and because of their vertically offset relationship, the engines can be lowered to give a lower center of gravity in the vehicle. This is possible due to the fact that the housing 405 is in a relatively lower position and the propeller shafts 6 and 1 in their lowered position will have sufficient clearance above it.

Various phases of my invention can also be .applied to multiple engines located at the front of the vehicle. In Fig. 53 engines 42! and 422 are placed ahead of the front axle 425 and transmit power through propeller shafts 426 and 421 to the transfer case 426. To the rear of same, is located the clutch housing 46! and the gear box 432. Propeller shaft 426 transmits power to the rear axle 5. I l

In Fig. 54 which is a side elevation of the power plant shown in Fig. 53, it will be noted that the front axle 425 can be brought in close relationship 'with the engine 422, just clearing the bell-housing 434. The universal joint 435 at the forward end of propeller shaft 421 is secured directly to the fly-wheel of engine 422;

In Fig. 55 the clutch housings 436 and 436 are directly mounted on engines 42! and 422 while the transfer case 428 is immediately ahead of the gear box 432. I

In Fig. 56 the power plants 42! and 422 transmit power to the centrally located transfer case 6, with propeller shaft 426 driving the gear axle 5 and propeller shaft 44! driving the front axle 35!. The transfer case 8 is of the same construction shown in Fig. 14 with three gears. Due to the indirect drive through one set of gearing, the direction of rotation of the engine is reversed so that propeller shaft 429 rotates in an opposite direction. If a bevel-gear construction be used as indicated in the drawings, the bevel-ring'gear is on the right side of the axle center and this also applies to Figs. 53 and 55. In the construction shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 14, while the power goes through one set of gearing for each engine, the direction of rotation of the driving axle pinion shaft remains the same as with the conventional axle. Due to the reversed position of the engines in Fig. 1, the direction of rotation of the propeller shaft 9 is clockwise as viewed from the front of the vehicle, since the directions of rotation of the engines are counter-clockwise as viewed from the front of the vehicle. The engines are con ventional in that their direction of rotation is clockwise as 'viewed from theradiator end thereof.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 57, the power from the engines 42! and 422 is conveyed to the Propeller shaft 429 transmits power'to the driving axle 5. The generator i5 and air compressor !6 are driven from the transfer case 426.

Immediately behind, the unit clutch housing 445 is attached to the engines 42! and 422 in Fig. 58. The unit bell-housing 446 connects the two engines. The transfer case 448 unites the power of the two engines and transmits it togear box 432 through propellershaft 449. Propeller shaft 429 conveys the power to the driving axle 5. The power driven accessories !5 and !6 are driven by an extension shaft from case 446.

Referring to Figs. 59 and 60,. the engine blocks are secured to the unit bell-housing 446. This engines.

,transfer case 46!.

construction provides a single mounting means for the power plants, by means of feet 45! and 452 on the bell-housing 446. In order to provide accessibility to the values and adjustments of engine 422, the engine 42! is provided with the flange 453 which has a circular pilot 454 which fits into a circle opening at the forward end of bell-housing 446. By removing the bolts holding engine 42! to the bell-housing 446, it is possible to swing engine 42! outwardly away from engine 422 as indicated in Fig. 59. This gives complete access to the inner side of engine 422. It is understood that whatever engine mounted accessories are required, are placed on the outside of each engine where they will be readily accessible. This leaves principally the valve adjustments of engine 422 somewhat inaccessible and being able to pivotally rotate .engine 42! as described, gives access thereto. While engines can be built so that the valves are on the outside of each, it is desirable to use standard engines without resorting to symmetrically right and leftconstructions. Both engines 42! and 422 can be pivotally mounted in the bell-housing 446 if desired, although it is not essential that both engines be rotatable.

It is not necessary to maintain the vertical relationship of the two engines as shown in Fig.

59. They can be assembled to the bell-housing 446 with inclined axes as shown in Fig. 61. This will give greater access to the space between the The constructions shown in Figs. 59 and 61 make is possible to'utilize engines that are standard in every respect and by removing their bell-housings and' substituting a unit housing, to provide a compact power plant. The slight tilting of the engines shown in Fig. 61 is not sufficientto disturb anything, such as the lubricat ing system. If it be desired to provide a considerable angle, naturally certain parts must be slightly modified to insure proper operation. In any event the intake manifold flanges would naturally be machined at such an angle that the carbureters would remain vertical. The forward end of the engines are provided with the supports 458 and 459. This is the customary front support which is concentric with the crank shaft. The forward end of the engines are supported by the cross member 460. A boss 46! is provided in member 460 to act as a front support for the entire engine unit. A three-point support is thus provided by means ofmounting points 45!, 452 and 46!.

In Fig. 63-engines 42- and 422 are united by the bell-housing 446 and the propeller shafts 426 and 421 convey power to the clutch housings 465 'and 466. Immediately behind them are the gear boxes 461 and 468. A transfer case 469 conveys a drive to propeller shaft 44! which in turn transmits power to the front axle 35!. Propeller shaft 429 conveys power to the rear axle 5. Two independent brake discs 41! and I45 are utilized.

It is possible'to utilize various phases of my invention'for centrally-located power plants.- In Fig. 64 engines 46! and 462 transmit power through the gear boxes 463 and 464 to the rear axle 466 and the front axle 461 through the propeller shafts 466 and 466 respectively. The various control andinterlocking arrangements are applicable to this construction.

In Fig. 65 engines 46! and 462, together with gear boxes 463-and 464, convey power to the Since gears 462 and 463 mate together, conventional engines can be used rotating in the same direction. The reversed 'po sltions of the engines as shown in the drawings 76 permit this. The final gear 484' conveys power to the propeller shafts 488 and 489. This makes an offset drive for the vehicle. A central disposition of the driving pinions on the axles and asymmetrical positioning of the engines is possible by dropping gear 494 beneath gear 48I so that it will just clear gear 492, as indicated in Fig. 66.

In Fig. 67 the engine MI is located centrally across the vehicle and between the front axle SM and the rear axle 5. This engine is of the horizontal opposed type, having cylinder blocks 502 and 503. Eachend of the'crank shaft is pro-' vided for a clutch mounting and has the bellhousings 505 and 505 to which are attached the gear boxes 483. and 484. Power is then conveyed to the'rear axle 5 and the front axle 85l through propeller shafts 488 and 489 respectively. In the case of trucks in which the loading platform is gearing on each side of front axle 555. "The propeller shafts 555 and 558 convey powerto the two sets of gearing on each side of rear axle 515.

Under this construction each engine drives the wheels on its side of the vehicle. Within the gears 512 and 513 are-lockable differential units which are controlled by the shifter bars 514 and higher than the top of the wheels, there is considerable waste space below the platform and there is ample space for a power plant. This space is utilized to the greatest advantage by means of a horizontal engine.

' In Fig. 68 two engines 5l0 and 5H replace the single engine 50l of Fig. 67. They are also indicated as being of the horizontal opposed type. Should it be desirable to unite the drive of engines 5H] and 5| 1, a clutch 5.l 2 can be provided to connect the adjacent crank shaft ends.

In Fig. 69 the engines 4'8l and 482 are located between the axles and their axes are'parallel to the axles. The rear propeller shaft 488 and front propeller shaft 489 are driven by bevel-gearing within the housings 5l5 and H5.

In Fig. '70 the engines 48l and 482 are similarly located as those in Fig. 69. 'They are, however,

provided with the separate clutch .housings'5i8 and 519. Between theflaxles and the bevel-gear housings 515' and 5l5 are located the gear boxes 521 and 522.

In Fig. 71 the engines Land 482 drive th bevel-gears within the housings 515 and H5 at the same 'side of the vehicle.. In this case the housings '5l5 and 5l 5 are compartments within the unit casting 525 which is secured to the faces of gear boxes 453 and 485.

In order to make a more compact unit and to eliminate the considerable oifsetof the propeller shaft from the center of the vehicle, the construction shown in Fig. 72 can be utilized. The

7 engine 53! has the bell-housing 582 and the gear box 534 is located on the other side of the propeller shaft 488. Power is conveyed from the clutch to the shaft 538 at the end .of which is located the constant mesh pinion .539. This drives the constant mesh gear 545 on countershaft 5M. The sliding gears are located on the sleeve 54 which is concentric with shaft 555. Bevel-gears 555 and 55f complete the drive. In the event that it is desired to drive to a forward propeller shaft 489, gears 550 and 55l would necessarily be of the hypoid type in order that the shafts clear each other. 7

Certain phases of my invention are applicable to four-wheel drive vehicles and in Fig. '13 engines 42f and 422. are mounted onthe unit bellhousing 445. The gear boxes 425 and 25 convey power. to.the transfer case 5. The front axle 35l is driven by the propeller shaft 4 and the rear axle 5 by shaft 525.

In Fig. '14 the engines 424! and fitjtransmitpower tothe transfer cases 550 and 55f. The

transmittingm'eehanisrn in cases 550 and 551i .convey power to the forward propeller shafts 556 and 552 which in turn transmit power to the its own wheel.

the control-head 515. The gearing in each axle at each side drives This double bowl construction of the two axles is' such that the axles can be identical except-for their outer ends. The front axle and rear axle. are identical up to the end flanges In Fig. '75 the engine 588 and gear box 589 drive the propeller shafts through thetransfer case 59L In the construction shown sprockets 592 and 593 are mounted on the transmission tail shaft but with a lockable differential unit between them. Chains are used to convey power from sprockets 592 and 593 to sprockets 594 and 595. The differential unit can be locked by the :shifter bar 598, this differential unit dis- The latter in the customary way can pick up either one of the shifter bars 505, 505 and 501 which control the movement of the gears within the transmission of which 502 is the controlhead.- Rod 503 extends to the other controlhead H2 and the lever 5| 4 controls the shifter bars H5, H5 and 511 of the second gear box. Since lever H4 is secured to shaft 503, it moves with it and the selection and shifting of shifter bars in control-heads 502and 5l2 occur simultaneously. In the event that it is desired to cut-out the engine to which the gear box is attached with control-head 502, the rod 504 can be 'raised by means of the collar 520 on lever Bill.

520 and is movable in the slot 522 of the tubularportion of lever 50 i,

A pin 521 is securddn collar as shown in Fig. 77. The pin 52l also passes through the upper end of rod 504. The spring.

528 extends between the ball end 525 of lever 525 and the upper end of rod 504. The spring therefore normally operates the .rod 505 in its downward position as shown in Fig. '16, whereby it will engage the shifter pars 50.5, 505 and 501, resting in the bottom of the slot 522 as shown in Fig. 7'1. When collar 52! is raised so as to come to the top of notch 522, compressing spring 523 at the same time, a slight rotation is imparted to collar 520 and the pin then rests in the notch 528 of slot 522 after having traversed the horizontal.

, portion 529. Spring 523 then retains pin 62f in. notch 528, holding the lower end of rod 505 out .of engagement with the shifter bars. The closure plate 53L at the base of lever 5M covers the opening 582 inthe top of thecontrol-head 502.

Fig. '78 shows arevised form of control in which the lever 535 is provided with the integral lower end 535 and ismounted on the tube 531, which slides in the control-head 502. Normally the tube 581 is united to the rod 538 which extends slightly within it as shown and a pin 540 looks the tube 531 and shaft 538 together so that side and ro ational movement is conveyed to. each by lever 

